Disclosure issues- voluntary versus mandatory

Now a day’s most of the companies are trying to find out ways to attract as much capital as possible. With the continuation to wards market globalisation the urge to introduce harmonise global accounting standards have been increased. In order to attract larger amount of capital in the different regions of the world it is important for the companies to present the information in the financial statements, which is understandable by a diverse group of people. Most of the world organisations are trying to find out ways towards the general standards.The formation of IASC in 1973, was the result of such efforts by different countries including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Japan, Netherlands, UK and US. This international body has issued more than 30 International Accounting Standards and has given a general presentation of the framework of the preparation and information availability of information in the financial statements. Although the organisation has adopted English as its formal language but the standards are translated into many other languages used in the world to make them understandable by as many people as possible.The main hindrance in the way of the use of common standards between the nations is that they are not legally imposed. The use of International Accounting Standards is a voluntary act of the countries. (Taylor & Pincus, 2002; p. 39) 2. Definition of Risk: Smith (1999) defines risk as a decision expressed by a range or possible outcomes with attached probabilities. When there is a range of possible outcomes but no assumed probabilities, there is only uncertainty (ibid. ).Hertz & Thomas (1984) have suggested that â€Å". Risk means uncertainty and the results of uncertainty†¦ risk refers to a lack of predictability about problem structure, outcomes or consequences in a decision or planning situation. † Risk is defined, as a bad notion is the most important stimulants for life. Uncertainty, far from being a symptom of im perfection, is in fact a natural property of economics, indeed, probably of all life systems . . .. Uncertainty is the name of the game in the service economy. (Giarini, 2000)According to (Feynman, 1998) it is in the admission of ignorance and the admission of uncertainty that there is hope for the continuous motion of human beings in some direction that doesn't get confined, permanently blocked, as it has so many times before in various periods in the history of man. † Adams (1995) defines risk as the â€Å"balancing act† in which the actors â€Å"balance the expected rewards of their actions against the perceived costs of failure† in a world in which both it and our perceptions of it are constantly being transformed by our effect on the world and its effect on us.In a ISO/TMB Risk Management Terminology Paper (1999) risk is defined as combination of the probability of an event and its negative or positive consequences,† The royal Society (1983) defined ri sk as â€Å"a particular adverse event occurs during a stated period of time, or results from a particular challenge. † Importance of Risk Disclosure: Murphy (1999) sees Financial reporting and financial statements in particular can be thought of as a lens through which one could view a business.Financial reporting provides a broader view of the business than that provided by financial statements only. In other words, financial reporting encompassed financial statements, but it is not limited to financial statements. It is assumed that by providing information that meets the needs of investors and creditors, the company also meet the information needs of other external parties, it would be able to provide superior information if it treated each potential group of external users separately and prepared different information for each group.This approach is impractical, however, and the company instead out for preparing what is referred to as general-purpose information that we believe is useful to multiple user groups. With the change in the economic environment the list of factors of production has included intangible assets such as information and knowledge. The intangible assets are replacing the old sets of assets. â€Å"In order to keep on delivering profits the business must keep on investing in different projects in order to improve their organizational capabilities.These investments improve the capabilities of the business to respond to the customer demands, the external contacts of business reduces the risks attached to the products, internal integration improve the productivity of organization continuous experimenting not only improve the value creation but also enhance the image of the organization in business. These investments are very important for the businesses to survive it is necessary to measure the cost, inventory, space and quality savings measured by traditional capital budgeting systems.Most of the traditional accounting techniques measure the future flow of income by undertaking an investment which is not easy to calculate since the stream of income is expected to increase in future and the managers cannot decide to assign the right value to the future benefit. Rather than that it is easier to the calculate investment. This is due to the difficulty the future organisation face in calculating the future benefits; most organisations normally do not undertake new investments. (Enterweb, 2005)The use of intangible assets has created difficulties on the other hand also. People believe in what they see. The process of interaction of ideas and assets has been revolutionised. Developing trust and understanding with stakeholders is very important in order to turn knowledge in value. Today, the companies are required to report the performances not only on financial basis but also should under cover the issues such as vision, strategy, risks, value drivers, KPIs etc.The founders of the Global Association of Risk Profes sionals (GARP), Lev Borodovsky and Marc Lore, wrote in Risk Professional, â€Å"no matter what types of methods are used, the key to risk management is delivering risk information, in a timely and succinct fashion, while ensuring that key decision makers have the time, the tools, and the incentive to act upon it. † (Lev & Lore, 1997) Externally reported financial information is largely historical in nature. It looks back in time and reports the results of events and transaction that already have occurred.While historical information is very useful in assessing the future, the information itself is more about the past than it is about the future. A comparison of the historical trends with the future trends can be found helpful in better understanding of the information by the shareholders and other related people. (Financial Economists Roundtable, 1996) The improvement in public scrutiny and controlled market discipline is largely dependent upon the meaningful and accurate dis closure of information.This not only helps the shareholders but also helps the organisation to conduct business in a safe and efficient manner by achieving their targets through improving their risk management processes. The researchers find many gaps in the appropriate disclosure of risk by the organisations. Many surveys have been conducted, a wide variety of studies and interviews from the information users and shareholders have pointed out towards gaps in the currently disclosed information. The demand of provision of accurate and timely information is increasing.Business reporting effect people from every work of life an effective allocation of resources strengthens an economy by promoting productivity, innovations and an efficient and liquid market. Adequate information plays an important role in reporting the risks and opportunities of investing in business venture. To make effective decisions people need accurate information. The completeness and timeliness of information en hances the probability of taking the most appropriate decisions by the investors.Perhaps the foremost social and ethical responsibility levied upon private and public organisation in recent decades is the adoption of fair and just accounting practices. This responsibility is being increasingly codified in laws and various accounting standards. Its influence is becoming increasingly pervasive through a constant series of new and improved standards as well as steady enlargement in the size and scope of administering agencies.The voluntary disclosure of information by the companies will lead to the competitive advantage for the company in the market and will provide help to gain enormous amounts of capital all over the world. US Regulations for Risk disclosure: The US GAAP was founded in 1930 after one year of the historical depression in the US stock market in 1929. Till 1934 the companies kept on disclosing the information voluntarily. SEC was established in 1934 with the authority t o establish the accounting standards but also to make sure that these standards are used in the preparation of the disclosures.Since the issue was very complex the private sector also started assisting the SEC in 1938 in order to settle the accounting standards. The most important and unique characteristic of the US GAAP is that its strength is tested in the market in which retail investors with banks and entrepreneurs invest. Now FASB is responsible to set US accounting standards. The ultimate responsibility of protecting the interest of the financial information users lies on SEC and it is fulfilling its functions since decades by constantly forming and developing set of accounting standards according to changing needs.A history of 70 years of interpretation and implementation of US GAAP in different industries has make it one of the most reliable and applicable set of standards. This application of 70 years has helped the accounting practitioners and professionals in filling the gaps and flaws in these standards which has not make them perfect but improved their reliability and tested their strength. The main hurdle in the way of adoption of IFRS for US is that the application and strength of IFRS is not tested for as long as the US GAAP.IFRS are relatively newly developed as compare to US GAAP. The decision to change the US GAAP into the IFRS cannot be taken in a snapshot the process will be time taking, as a huge change is needed to be brought. The EU adoption of the IFRS was very steady and easier as compare to the US. This is because the unification of 25 countries in a union with different economic, cultural and social background is a big task in itself hence the change of accounting standards is a relatively important but small part of it.Despite all the differences in the financial market environment the U. S see the implementation of the IFRS as an opportunity to implement and introduce the better standards to improve the creditors accessibility. Th e process of convergence has started of the U. S GAAP in the IFRS, which will come to success if mutual consensus will be developed. The cutting edge IFRS has that they have prepared by the most experienced and brilliant accounting professionals but has a negative point of not having a long history of implementation and strength testing.International Accounting Standards: In the January of the year 2006 the accounts of all the listed companies shifted to the International Financial Reporting Standards. Under the International Financial Reporting standards all the listed companies should present their fair information regarding the company’s financial position, performance and cash flows. Despite the pressure from the International accounting agencies, some of the Governments are still reluctant to impose International accounting standards in their stock markets.Although there are big differences in the accounting standards in most of the economies of the world but the main ai m of all the accounting systems is to ensure fair and transparent corporate governance and financial reporting. The adoption of the International standards will lead to decrease in the accounting scandals and increase the adoption of common standard all over the world. Conclusion: Degree of Information varies largely from institution to institution. The amount of information made available to the shareholders largely depends upon the volume of financial instruments and the type of financial instruments used by the company.It is estimated that the shareholders of a financial institution is more required to have the risk related information as compare to that of the shareholder of an industrial company. Financial risks are the important part of the financial business operations on the other hands it is generally a by-product of an industrial company’s daily business. At the very minimum, a company should keep shareholders informed about the types of financial instruments used a nd their purposes.It must make a distinction between instruments that are used for hedging and those that are not, as well as the relevant accounting policies. It should disclose the notional principal of these instruments, their maturity, cash requirements, market value and credit risk. It should also tell shareholders how the firm monitors the values of these instruments. Where possible, firms should also disclose the firm’s market risks; if quantitative information is not possible then a qualitative discussion should be included. (13 Questions on Risk Management)

The World of Culinary Arts

Cooking food is commonly known as culinary art. The word culinary is related to the art of making various kinds of food. A culinarian working in restaurants is commonly known as a cook or a chef. The chef skillfully prepares food that is pleasing to the eye and the palate of the guests. They are required to have knowledge of the science of food and the understanding of diet and nutrition. They work primarily in restaurants, hotels, airlines, cruise liners, hospitals and other institutions. Kitchen conditions depend upon the demand and type of business. The art of making various cuisines can be termed as â€Å"Culinary Arts†.The history of culinary arts goes back to 1800s when the very first cooking school was started in Boston, America. Where teaching the art of cooking & preparing the food were given to students, inurn they passed on their knowledge to others. The actual revolution started later in Culinary Arts through the television where in 1946, James Beard started regula r cooking classes in the art of American Cooking. The French cooking was introduced in American homes by Julia Child, in 1960’s when through the power of the radio she entered all the kitchens nationwide.The culinary institute of America or CIA was founded and was the first of its kind in the country to hold career based cooking courses on the art of cooking. The cuisine and latest innovations worldwide are based on the ingredients available around the region. The dishes also depend upon the cultural and the socio-economic conditions of the city, region and country. Food is one thing that has always been and will continue to be a big part of our daily lives as a result of family recipes that are inherited from the ancestors.Those who are interested in cooking, go to culinary schools to learn the art and obtain their professional degree in the field of culinary arts. The beauty of this art lies in the skill of understanding various types of tastes, presentations and foodâ€⠄¢s main features. The restaurant industry is fast moving with the trend of initiating better-flavored food from local sources. Industry pioneers are progressing towards new initiatives including the composting of food waste and recycling of cooking in lieu for serving economic and innovative dishes.

Family values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family values - Essay Example This paper helps to thus discuss the kind of disparity that has ranged over the years between boys and girls as well as the kind of discipline that reigned between mothers and fathers with respect to bringing up their children. In the nineteenth century, America faced a great amount of debate with respect to the role of men and women within society. In most countries and customs around the world, women were always believed to be the ‘lesser mortals’ and were given lesser preference over men. Women were seldom allowed to work or leave the house in order to carry on with their own lives because their lives were supposed to revolve around their male counterparts, families and households. Women did not receive much education either, because their parents believed that they were to be married by the time they were nineteen or twenty, and thus there was not much scope to study or work after getting married. As time proceeded, women were given more and more importance in society as they began to prove themselves at par with the men. They came up in business, corporate sectors as well as education and extracurricular activities like sports and other cultural related aspects of life. Women began to read and write and the literacy rates went higher up. In the household, in earlier times, fathers had more say over what their children were to do or be when they grew up. In older America, most fathers ruled over the lives of their children, mostly the boys, and they were brought up to believe that their only purpose was to carry on the family name and legacy as well as the business if there was one. Mothers did not have much say in the lives of their children and only cared about the girls with respect to understanding the pain and trauma that the children went through. In recent times however, such a thought process has undergone a vast amount of change as women have truly come up and shined in all aspects. Sports are no longer seen as a man’s domain as women have

Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 5

Religion - Essay Example er eight of the text, which discusses how a group of churches banded together to do social outreach projects in the city around them in 1996, after welfare reform measures were signed into law by President Clinton. It was feared that the changes would leave many of the poor and underprivileged without necessary services. One such group was known as â€Å"the Cluster.† Its members busied themselves in activities such as litter cleanup, literacy training, and vocational guidance. While their efforts did much good and provided a visible spiritual presence, the volunteers themselves actually minimized the degree to which they used religious terms to describe their work. As one passage relates: After eighteen months of Cluster meetings, I counted a total of five instances in which Cluster members affirmed a religious basis for action – in mostly jocular or indirect terms at that. In one instance, a member quipped that the Cluster needed to â€Å"act on the Christianity that comes out of our mouths.† It appeared to the researcher that, given the fact that the workers were people of faith, there should have been more verbal expressions of the spiritual ideals that supposedly motivated their good deeds. But instead such discussions were quite rare. They acted more in line with what could be expected of representatives from a secular agency such as the Lions Club or the Boy Scouts. This finding indicates that, as religious volunteers branch out into the areas surrounding their church buildings, they adopt more of a secular outlook on things in general, including the motives for their service projects. This same sort of effect was noted in the chapter that discussed how Evangelical Christians interpret and practice their beliefs about male –dominated households. The writer mentioned how such arrangements are often thought to be very hierarchical and paternalistic. The customary mental image is of a stern, controlling husband and father handing out orders

Nature Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Nature Tourism - Essay Example Motivation relates to the choice of destination and activities, which are expected to relate to trip satisfaction and subsequent travel related intentions. The theories of motivation are a way of understanding the tourist expectations formation, that is, the tourist behaviour. Do they accurately assess and analyse tourist behaviour If so, to what extent Some of the functions of attitude are knowledge, ego, defence, value expression, utility and social adaptation; these functions act as mediators between drives or motives and values or situations. The theory of tourism motivation explains the behaviour pattern and assists in the satisfaction of it's underlying cognitive and emotional motives. The two systems of emotions and cognition differ in the degree of control a person has over their generation and manipulation. The term cognition refers to the mental representations such as knowledge or beliefs. Emotions encompass drives, feelings and instincts. The two jointly contribute to tourism motivation process. Motive is a distinct type of learned or conceived action in the form of behaviour. Motivation contains results of a situation-person interaction. One and the same motive can generate situational different behaviour; while different motives can generate very similar behaviour. A person experiences a press or a pull, which usually appears in the guise of a threat of harm or promise of benefit. Both need and press, combine to form an equivalent group of behavioural situations. (Heckhausen, 1989.) When motives transform to motivation, the process of choosing specific destination and activities begin. "Motivation is based on feelings of competence and self determination." (Deci and Ryan, 1985.) Tourist motivation is a set of needs, which predispose a person to participate in a tourist activity. The important antecedents of individual motivation are cultural background, values, market communication, experience, and consumer self-perception. 3. Motivation of Nature Tourism People who live in cities are motivated to travel as tourists to areas of wilderness because they need to escape from an artificial monotonous environment. Gray's Travel Motivation Theory gives us two motives; first is the desire to go from a known place to an unknown place and the second is to go to a place which can provide the traveler with special facilities, that do not exist in the place of residence. This theory does not completely cover the aspects of nature tourism. It will be worthwhile to have a look at the Career Ladder Theory, which emphasizes that people have a range of motives for seeking out holiday experiences. With different levels, it allows for many motives. It is dynamic and covers the seven requirements, which are considered to be good to assess the theory of tourist motivation. These seven requirements are, it functions as a true theory; it appeals to different users; it is easy to

Identification and Recommendation of Alternative Strategies for Research Paper

Identification and Recommendation of Alternative Strategies for McDonalds - Research Paper Example The fast-food culture is fast expanding into the developing nations, as more and more people are attracted towards the taste, quick service, consistency and cheap prices. Out of the total restaurant revenues of the developed nations, the fast food outlets account for almost half. "It is no longer enough to just fill someone's stomach - you have to do it better and faster than others do. Product innovation, customer satisfaction, and differentiated promotions are of utmost importance - now more than ever" (Shekeb Naim, 2008) The industry has nearly matured in the developed countries but in countries like India, the fast food industry is growing at a rate of over 40% per annum. The growth of the IT and IT enables services in India were the bulk of urban youth are working with big pay packets and little time to cook are driving the growth. Growing concerns over the fat and salt content of some fast foods have led to severe criticism of eating fast food and have prompted the industry to offer an increasing range of "healthy" fast foods. A typical fast food outlet carries high overheads in terms of rents, rates, labor costs and bank interest charges. The market is labor intensive and involves considerable start-up and ongoing capital investment. The fast-food industry has a lot to thank McDonald's for. Especially the supply chain management of this company is highly regarded as one of the best in any industry and fast food companies try to emulate the McDonald way of operations.

Future Trends Influencing Police Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Future Trends Influencing Police - Essay Example Technology has increasing become an indispensable tool in the contemporary times. The efficient use of technology within the operation of policing has greatly aided the police force to enforce law and order. Indeed, the use of technology has hugely facilitated the police to enhance its effectiveness in resolving crime and punishing the criminals with more authenticity. The advancement made in forensic science and uses of sophisticated technology to investigate complicated criminal issues have shown that trends in technology would remain the major factors of influence within the police force. To efficiently handle the increasing numbers of cyber crimes have also made technology an intrinsic part of policing in the 21st century. Hedlund and McCartt (2002) of AAA Foundation of Traffic Safety, claim in their report that ‘drunk drivers continue to plague American highways. They crash, they injure, and they kill. In 2000, 16,653 traffic fatalities — 40 percent of all highway d eaths’. The drunk driving has today become a major road menace that needs to be tackled with more innovative approach. The punishment and financial fine have not been an effective deterrent for the offenders.

Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Globalization - Essay Example The youth society exhibit the likelihood of being affected more by globalization because of the dynamic thinking that governs youth. Globalization has resulted to the formation of new youth cultures that were not perceived in the traditional setting. This paper will describe the effects of globalization on the emerging new cultures. Globalization serves to transform a society from a traditional setting to the level of a modern society. Culture determined the identity of many people in the traditional setting, as well as the kind of relationships developed by those people. However, globalization introduces new systems such as modern education, transport, and communication systems that have the potential of imparting change on the traditional communities. Evidently, the focus on the youth and the ways in which globalization transforms their lives reveal interesting patterns that can are of critical value in anthropological analysis. This paper will consider the emerging ideologies of i dentity exhibited by the by the youth, and how the marketing systems have focused on the youth as a target market for different products because of the modern consumerism patterns (Kjeldgaard and Askegaard, 2006). Globalization and globalization have altered the youth’s perception of the self. ... Globalization has presented the youth with an opportunity to experience this phase of life amidst a surging increase of media content. Many of these youths face the challenge of role models in from the older generations, and the increasing dynamics in the current trends serve to increase the uncertainty with which they approach life. The youth culture has plunged into a crisis of identity as globalization takes toll on societies. The cultural setting has affected the reception of the emerging trends, defining unique youth identities in each cultural unit (Kjeldgaard and Askegaard, 2006) Over time, the change in identity perception seems to be adopting an individualized manner, while in other cases; the change affects a certain cultural setting. Evidently, some youths have exhibited the capacity to define individual identity. In other cases, globalization motivates the youth of a certain culture to exhibit certain attributes in a collective manner. Globalization has given rise to incr eased media forms and a diverse range of media content targeting different people in any society (Alim, 2011). The media has been keen to supply the youth cultures with content that captures their attention. The media has altered the perception of identity among youth cultures because of its ever increasing influence. From different media forms, the youth become consumers of the new ideologies defining aspects such as dressing, and fun activities, factors that have affected self –perception and hence their identity (Kjeldgaard and Askegaard , 2006). There is evidence that the identity of youth cultures depends on the stage of post-colonial period that defines each society. The rate of modernization determines the extent of change of the ideologies that define

Alcohol Abuse -and explain physical part what it does to people Research Paper

Alcohol Abuse -and explain physical part what it does to people - Research Paper Example Majority of the people in this world might have consumed alcohol at some point of time in their life. There are many people who use alcohol in a controlled manner. When alcohol is used in a controlled manner, it may not cause many damages either to a person or to the society. However, it is difficult to use alcohol in a controlled manner because of its abilities to make person addictive to it. Most of the people start alcohol use just for a joke and become addicted to it unknowingly. Alcohol abuse is one of the major multifaceted problems in the world which has social, emotional and physical dimensions. The social dimension of alcoholism is the family problems and subsequent divorce issues. Alcoholism may cause sexual dysfunction which can create problems in family life. In many cases, divorce is taking place because of the alcoholic husband or wife. Moreover alcoholism can cause mental diseases such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, schizophrenia etc. The most vital aspect of alcoholism is the possibility of development of physical diseases to body organs such as liver, pancreas, heart etc. In many cases, alcohol can cause cancer disease also. In short alcoholism can generate physical, mental and social problems. This paper limits its focus only to the physical problems which can be generated as a result of alcoholism. The commitments of current generation are more than that of the earlier generation. Current generation has lot of social, cultural, professional and personal commitments. It is difficult for them to fulfill all these commitments equally well. The failure to fulfill commitments will increase the stress levels of the people which may lead them to an imaginary or virtual world- the world of alcohol. Most of the people take shelter in the world of alcohol in order to stay away from realities in the real world. â€Å"More than 2 million American people experience

Describe and evaluate the multi-store model of memory Essay

Describe and evaluate the multi-store model of memory - Essay Example This essay will focus on the â€Å"multi-store model of memory developed by Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin in the year 1968† (Kipp & Shaffer, pp. 300, 2009). Multi-store memory model revolves around three basic types of memories, namely, â€Å"sensory memory, short-term memory and long-term memory† (Nash & Bernstein, pp. 209, 2006). Therefore, it is essential to understand the types in detail. Many a times, one realizes that they have seen an object and have a picture of it in their mind. However, within a fraction of a second, it fades away. Other times, one asks another to repeat a certain thing just to realize they know it already. These instances depict the sensory memory. According to an experiment, when subjects are asked to report all the three letters they can see in a brief flash of a letter array, they usually can report only four of five letters. The number of reported letters is independent of the number of displayed letters. However, according to demonstration of a partial-report procedure, subjects are able to store a dozen or more items in a very short-term memory" (Gegenfurtner & Sperling, pp. 1, 1999). Another type of memory is the short-term memory. Whenever a person is thinking about a certain situation, their short-term memory begins its functioning. At any one time, the short-term memory may get its input from the external environment i.e. the surroundings of a person or from the long-term memory of that individual. An example of the former case may be a thought process of a conversation a person is into while the example of the latter may be the thoughts occurring about an event that happened in the distant past, which may be stored in the long-term memory. The short-term memory of any individual may show increment by recoding information. â€Å"Miller (1956) summarized evidence that people can remember about seven chunks in short-term

New Hires Essay Example for Free

New Hires Essay Introduction Carl Robins, who is a new recruiter for ABC Inc., hired 15 new trainees with the intention to have them start on June 15th. As the start date gets closer, Carl discovers that all the trainees are not prepared to start their employment. Most of them do not have all the paperwork required for employment and none of them have visited the clinic for their mandatory drug screening. Carl needs to contact the new recruits immediately so they can complete all the prerequisites for employment. Also, Carl needs to get in contact with someone for more training on the applicant hire and training process. Background Carl Robins is a new employee with ABC Inc. He has only been with the company for six months and has just experienced his first hiring process. Carl hired 15 new employees thinking they would be able to go through training on June 15th and begin working sometime in July. After Memorial Day, Carl was reviewing all the paperwork for the new hires. He discovered that none of them are ready to start on June 15th. Some of the applicants did not have their applications completely filled out and some of them were missing transcripts, also none of them had their mandatory drug screenings done. Furthermore, all but three of the orientation manuals were missing and he found out that the training room was booked all through June. Key Problems Some of the key problems are that the new hires are not prepared for their start date of June 15th. It is the responsibility of the recruiter that the new hires are completely ready for their start date and have everything they need in order to be successful in the company. The recruiter is responsible for the two main problems. The fact that Carl is a new employee himself  could rationalize the fact that none of the new hires are ready for their orientation start date. Alternatives A recommendation for Carl would be to search around his office for all the missing paperwork as it could have just been misplaced. Also, some of the new hires could have completed the drug screening he just hasn’t seen the results of them yet. However, he should only spend a few hours looking for the missing paperwork as time is running short. Another solution would be for Carl to set back the start date for the new employees since the training room is booked for the whole month of June. This alternative is not recommended however because it will set back the new hires a month; as they will not be able to start until August. Also, Monica is counting on the new employees starting in July. This solution would also be harmful because Carl is still new to the company and having to push the start date back a month because of a few mistakes he made would not look good in management’s eyes. Carl should also remind the new employees of the company’s drug policy and that if any of them were to fail the drug screening their employment would be terminated immediately. Carl could also push back the start date from June to July to give himself more time to prepare the paperwork, also the training room is booked for the entire month of June. He has the option to get in contact with all the recruits and assure that they get all the missing paperwork in and get to the clinic for their mandatory drug test. Not only do the new recruits need to take a drug test but they also need to pass the drug screening in order to be fully hired into the company. Also, Carl waiting until the last minute to review their paperwork added fuel to the fire and only made matters worse for everyone. If he reviewed all the applications ahead of time, it would have given him plenty of time to make sure all the paperwork was put together properly and all the testing was done. With this being Carl’s first time doing the recruiting process for this company; he might not be familiar with the rules and hiring process itself. Carl seems to be the root cause of the new hires not being ready for their start date of June 15th. Proposed Solution Carl should contact all new hires immediately to make sure that all the requirements for the company are met and that all the new hires are prepared  for their start date before it approaches. Monica is really counting on these new recruits beginning their work in July and not just starting their training in July. If the date of orientation had to be pushed back, it would reflect poorly on Carl and he might get in some trouble with management over it. Recommendations Apparently Carl was not clear on all the hiring procedures of a recruiter. It is recommended for Carl to get retrained on the hiring and training process of new recruits. Getting retrained will hopefully ensure that this problem never happens again. It is also recommended that Carl talk to Monica about a new place to hold the orientation because the orientation room is already booked. Him and Monica need to sit down a figure out a place to hold the orientation that would be big enough to fit all 15 new hires. Conclusion In conclusion, careful research has been done on what alternative methods should be taken to ensure Carl get everything completed and ready for the new hires start date. A lot of thinking has gone into this paper and I have attempted to think of every possible solution to Carl’s predicament. It is apparent that Carl may have had too much to deal with for his first time dealing with the recruiting process to effectively complete his duties as a recruiter for the company. Carl should have had a checklist with his and made himself a timeline for when everything had to be completed. It was analyzed that Carl could either push back the date of the orientation to July which is not highly recommended and should only be used as a last resort, or Carl should immediately get in contact with the new recruits and help them get all the paperwork they need ready for the start date. If they can’t drop it off at the office Carl should ensure that it either be faxed or mailed to him before the start date of June 15th. If Carl had a checklist and ensured everything was filled out and completed beforehand he could have done his main job which is finding the best employees for the company.

Study on Saint Gobain Mirrors Essay Example for Free

Study on Saint Gobain Mirrors Essay INTRODUCTION Saint-Gobain Glass is a leading Glass Manufacturer in India and manufactures a range of Reflective Glass, Solar Control Glass, Green Building Glass, Interior glass, Fire resistant glass and Advanced Glass Solutions. Their reflective glass range includes mirror glass with a maximum sheet size of 3210 x 2000mm and a thickness of 5mm. Coating on Saint-Gobain mirrors is applied with a revolutionary new process which replaces copper, the origin of corrosion in mirror, with a highly sophisticated multiple level chemical treatment. In this process, the silvered layer is applied on the glass by a chemical method also knows as the wet film method. To reinforce the adhesion of this layer, a preparatory surface treatment of the glass is done by sensitization followed by passivation. The silvered layer is then treated to endow it with anti-corrosion properties and to improve adhesion of the paints. CHARACTERISTICS OF MIRROR IN B2C Characteristics It has superb lustre, and a perfectly flat surface ( in the case of flat mirrors) which gives a distortion-free image reflection. Mirror uses high grade float glass as its base and it is manufactured under an automated process, thus giving superb quality mirror. Also, mirrors find different applications due to their ability to be moulded into concave and convex shapes apart from the usual flat surfaced mirrors. Applications 1.Cosmetic mirrors of appropriate size and designs for homes. 2.Internal use of wall surfaces, ceilings and pillars for general household usage, shops, offices and departmental stores. 3.Furniture and interior decorations. 4.In a small way, mirrors of smaller dimensions are also used by fashion  designers and tailors for dress designing. CHARACTERISTICS OF MIRROR IN B2B Characteristics Mirror manufactured under the automated process has a silver membrane which is protected by a copper plated layer, and finally sealed with an oven baked paint coating. The silver membrane is fully protected, this providing long lasting performance and durability. Applications Use of Flat Mirrors: †¢Mirrors are used in washrooms of restaurants, in bars, hotels, jewellery shops, beauty clinics, nightclubs and theatres †¢They are also used in sports and leisure centres, gymnasiums and swimming pools. Use of Concave Mirror: †¢Concave mirrors are used in vehicle headlights to focus the light from the headlight. The light is not as diffused and the driver can see better at night. †¢Concave mirrors are used to focus light for heating purposes. †¢They are used as dentists mirrors to magnify the image of patients’ teeth to facilitate the examination. †¢Used in some telescopes. Convex Mirror Uses: †¢Used in rear-view mirrors of vehicles. These mirrors make objects appear smaller than they really are. Due to this compression, these mirrors to reflect a wider image area, or field of vision. †¢Convex mirrors are often placed near ATMs to allow bank customers to see if someone is behind them. This is a security measure that helps keep ATM users safe from robbery of any cash withdrawals and helps keep ATM users identity more secure. †¢Large hospitals, stores and office buildings often use convex mirrors to allow people to see what is around a corner to help keep people from running into one another. †¢ Ceiling dome mirrors are ideal for surveillance in shops, offices and industrial environments. They allow someone to watch what is going on in a wide area and allow shopkeepers to spot thieves and vandals †¢Portable inspection mirrors can be used for security and safety purposes.  They are widely used by security firms and the military. MARKETING MIX FOR B2C MARKET A mirror is used at home in various ways like compact mirror for personal uses, in bathrooms and mostly by women for their personal styling. This is not a frequent buying in case of B2C market because replacement time is long in case if it does not break. Product This component deals with a mirror as a product for a consumer i.e. what are the different features he/she expects. In this case, it can be 1.Design of the mirror i.e. horizontal or vertical according to the use, large wall or small wall mirror, frameless or framed mirror. 2.Variety of the mirror like plastic lining, silver lining, copper lining or wooden lining along the borders. 3. Quality would be that it should be very clean and clear and showing the real image without hiding any imperfections, edges must be fine. 4. Durability i.e. must be resistant to corrosion. 5.Features would be like it must be unbreakable, come with a supporting stand in case of a home use if small size 6.Size, for example- small in case of travelling i.e. should be portable and also foldable, leaning mirrors and floor mirrors 7.Packaging, in case one is buying from a luxury cosmetic brand, then packaging comes into picture because in that case they would be expensive such that it reaches safely while transporting from one place to other. Brand, Services, Warranties and Returns does not matter much in B2C market for consumers if it is for very regular purposes but if it is for decorative purposes and for high end customers , it matters a lot. Price The price depends on the size of the mirror and whether the product is from a local i.e. not known company or it is from a branded high-end company exclusively for decorative purposes at home. A customer does not quote any price but only negotiates on the price offered by the retailer. If we talk about small mirrors used at homes or bathroom mirrors, then price is not a  concern but in case of high end mirrors like lining mirrors with silver, copper and metal etc., the price is worth negotiating because they are expensive and both the ends want the best price. There are some companies which also customize the mirror according to the individuals use i.e. shape, size, type of mirror etc. For example-a frameless wall mirror will cost between 10000/- to 20000/-, small wall mirrors vary from 4500/- to 12000/- but if expensive linings are used it increases, large wall mirrors can go from 5000/- to 90000/-. These are the list prices of the mirrors but the consumer expects some discounts on it like 10-20% and in case if a consumer is buying an expensive mirror , say of 1000000/-, then he/ she can get it on credit terms like half down-payment and rest at the time of delivery. Promotion The promotion strategies adopted are not that aggressive in terms of television commercial in the mirror market. One will hardly find any advertisements in newspaper regarding mirrors. So, advertisements are mainly done online; the price, quality and features are mentioned on the websites through which order can be placed. Another kind of promotion is done by word of mouth like if one customer is satisfied with the product which may help in building the chain of customers. The Sales force plays an important role here because a customer does know about this much when he/she enters a mirror store, the only things they look after are the shape and size of the mirror, after that the conversion of a prospect into a buyer is dependent majorly on the sales force because the inside information is little to the customer. Now comes Sales promotion, under which different scheme are introduced to increase the buying. For example it can be like- Buy two and get 20% off on the third purchase or with every mirror worth a particular price get a cleaner free etc. and public relations also matters for small as well as luxury end companies as it is what brings the customer back for repetitive purchase. Place The place component deals with channels, locations and transport of the mirror. As availability is the most important factor, it is done through channels like online buying (open a website, browse the catalogue and order  it by online payment and in that case transportation mishandling, breakage will be managed by the company) and this buying mostly happens for expensive mirrors, nearby store which includes wholesalers/retail shops for small/large household buying dealing in furniture where inspection can be done; general stores for cosmetic uses. Transportation is important, which means the time in which the delivery will be made after an order is placed. MARKETING MIX FOR B2B MARKETS Product Functionality: †¢As interior decorative glass in common areas of public and private buildings: entrance halls, landings, etc. †¢In bars, restaurants, hotels, jewellery shops, beauty clinics, nightclubs and theatres. †¢For panelling on walls or doors and on furniture and shelves. †¢As mirrors in sports and leisure centres, swimming pools. †¢Car rear-view mirrors and side mirrors. †¢In single-lens-reflex (SLR) cameras. †¢Dental mirrors. †¢Magnifying mirrors in makeup kits and compacts. †¢Searchlights, floodlights, and spotlights (used in theaters). Quality: †¢Durability: Mirrors must be resistant to corrosion, particularly in humid conditions. †¢Clarity: Clarity is an important criterion that determines the quality of a mirror, and is indicated by the sharpness of the reflection seen in it. This in turn depends on the base glass on which the mirror is made. †¢Distortion-Free: Distortion in a mirror occurs due to inconsistencies, impurities, irregularities and heterogeneity in materials used to produce the base glass. †¢Eco-friendly: Mirrors must use metals that do not pollute the environment. Packaging: Mirrors sold to businesses are made available in various dimensions of length and breadth, along with options of form (such as required degrees of convexity, concaveness). Warranty: Mirrors come with a limited period warranty of being free of black edge defects resulting from improper production for a limited period after delivery to the immediate customer. The limited warranty of the mirror product are void if: †¢Broken †¢Mishandled †¢Improperly Installed †¢Exposed to foreign materials or solutions such as but not limited to cleaning products or painted walls. Services offered: This includes cutting, polishing, bevelling, and sometimes installation also. Price Mirrors are priced on per square foot basis. These dimensions are as per the buyers requirements. Also, the pricing depends upon the quality of the mirror, its thickness, weight, and flexibility of beveling the edges. Price quotes are taken from the buyer depending on their requirement. Wholesale pricing with discounts and bulk purchase discounts are provided on an individual basis. Also there great scope for buyer negotiations as there are several competitors in the market. The company will have to ensure that the prices are competitive enough to lure the client but at the same time be high enough so as to not make losses. Therefore, since they ae not operating in a monopolistic market, price is a variable they have to be careful on. Place Availability is more prominent on the online media these days. Catalogues can be browsed and orders can be placed at the seller’s website. This form of buying is most common. Also, buyers can go and personally inspect mirrors at the manufacturers/wholesalers outlet. Promotion Advertising: It is mostly done online. The variety and quality of the seller’s offering is mentioned on the websites. Placement of orders is through online forms. Promotional strategies: Manufacturers provide e-catalogues on their websites along with the sale offers and discounts that they decide on bulk purchases. Also, catalogues are sent to prospective buyers when a seller learns of the buyers intention of procuring a bulk purchase. Servicing and warranty terms are particularly mentioned as a part of the promotional strategy of a seller, as it becomes a major decision-making criterion for the buyer. B2B OR B2C? Saint Gobain Glass, India is a subsidiary of Saint Gobain France which has been in the industry since the 1600s. This being a fairly long period of time, they have managed to carve a niche for themselves in the glass industry. Though the mirror industry is only an off-shoot of the products they basically make, i.e., glass, they rule the B2C premium segment mirror market. There are a lot of local players in the industry as well. When a middle income group customer goes to buy a mirror, he would not be much bothered about the ‘brand’ of the mirror. His concern would rather be value for money and features like no distortions of images, good glass thickness, designs and varieties. Hence, his obvious choice would be something that would last for a long time, is sturdy but at the same time, is price effective. There are very few customers who can actually afford these mirrors and who consciously want to buy ‘a Saint Gobain’ when they look for a mirror. The price factor is definitely the decider when it comes to pitching these mirrors against the locally available ones. On the other hand, entering into contracts with real estate builders, interior decorators, vehicle manufacturing companies, dental equipment manufacturing companies etc, might prove to be more profitable for them since these would be repeat buyers and also the profits would come from the selling greater quantity of mirrors rather than pricing them higher, in order to achieve the  same revenue. Though the customer buying power seems to be more, the use of supreme technology for achieving unbeatable quality would ensure that the customers stick to them and build a long – standing mutually beneficial relationship. Therefore, the team is of the opinion that B2B MARKET would be better for the Saint Gobain Mirrors.

Effect of Contract Based Labourers on Indias Automobiles

Effect of Contract Based Labourers on Indias Automobiles Research Question: How are contract based labourers affecting the productivity of Indian automobile industry? Introduction Research Origin and Focus Area of Research The employment structure in the Indian scenario has been undergoing certain changes due to globalization. The firms in order to be competitive in a global market should have the flexibility relating to labour, capital and various bureaucratic procedures. Only then can it adapt itself to the rapidly changing environment and thereby stay ahead. Although, it has been said that the stringent labour laws not only put the domestic producers at a disadvantageous position but it is also one of the primary factor causing less inflow of foreign direct investment and eventually impact adversely on investment, output and employment. As a result, number of countries has amended their labour laws so as to make them more investment and employment friendly. This has thereby led to different non-permanent employment structures, such as casual labour, contract labour, subcontractors, consultants and others, among which contract labour is the most prominent kind in the Indian industrial sector and in this paper I primarily focus on the Indian automobile sector only at present. In this research, the point to be noted is the contractual employment which is in accordance to the Contract Labour Regulation and Abolition Act, 1970. According to the law, a contract labourer is defined as one who is hired in connection with the work of an establishment by a principal employer through a contractor. Although a contractor tries to produce the given results with the help of a contract labour for the organisation, a principal employer is the person responsible for the control of an establishment. Over the years the pace of contracting has increased dramatically both across borders as well as within. The research will be dealing with the effect of these outsourcing activities. According to the WTO-ILO report (2009), contracting has largely taken place in the emerging economies. Now what could be the consequences of contracting on the labour productivity of a particular firm within the country is what this research paper will be discussing about. Although a lot has been discussed about the rights in terms of wages and other emoluments for the contractual labour, not much has been said about the productivity of the contractual labour. Much has been said recently about the slowdown in the Indian automobile industry, in fact this sector of the Indian manufacturing industries has recorded its lowest point in terms of growth past year. In this research paper, I have taken up the issue of subcontracting of labourers as the one of the primary reason for this lag in productivity. The organised auto sector in India broadly consists of three tiers and the Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) sit at the top of the chain. Most of these OEMs are members of the Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM), while most of the tier 1 auto component manufacturers are members of the Automobile Component Manufacturers’ Association (ACMA). Tier-2 and Tier-3 auto-component manufacturers are relatively smaller players. To assess the importance of the sub sectors in terms of generation of employment, it is essential to analyse the intensity of labour employment in these sectors. There is a concern in the industry that wages are growing for the permanent labours without proportionate increase in the productivity front. As a result, higher subcontracting takes place in order to curb wage costs both in the periphery as well as in the core sector. Contract labourers, paid comparatively much lower than the permanent employees and enjoying hardly any other benefits, make up 70-80% of the industry workforce, according to estimates by trade union leaders. The underlying tension between their aspirations and outdated labour laws cause dispute and de-incentivise work effort and lowering productivity. Literature Review In order to proceed with the analysis of subcontracting and productivity, there are literature which illustrate the importance of investment in RD. Romer (1990) has stated on the â€Å"endogenous technological change† and hence proved how RD plays an instrumental role in accelerating long run growth of a country. Thereafter, many works have been published citing the role of variable factors on RD and long term growth, which varies from economy to economy. Scholars like Goo (2011) mentioned the effects of transportation costs in RD technology sector on the endogenous growth. He showed that larger the transportation costs of RD technology, larger will be the price of RD technology and hence leading to slower economic growth. Lee (2005) empirically showed a direct and much stronger effect of information networks on international RD. Research in relation to this field by eminent economists has also discussed the strategically important interactions of firms and their implication of RD of firms and the performances. Grossman and Helpman (2002, 2003), Egger and Egger (2003), Shy and Stenbacka (2003) and Antras and Helpman (2004) established the positives of outsourcing over any other organizational structures, for example the vertical integration and foreign direct investment. If outsourcing and RD are complementary to each other, outsourcing leads to an increase in RD, which leads to a reduction of the negative impact of outsourcing on wages and employment in the outsourced countries. Based on a similar framework, Marjit and Mukherjee (2008) argued that outsourcing has a positive relationship with the RD investment and hence an increase in outsourcing causes an increase in the RD investment in small markets and highly competitive product market, whereas it decreases the RD investment in large markets Based on the efficiency wage models, which talk about the positive effect of higher wages (Shapiro and Stiglitz, 1984; Banerjee and Gupta, 1998), have shown a direct effect on labour productivity of higher wages, as result of greater incentive. Hence, a decline in wage mean declining productivity and the entrepreneurs might be reluctant to reduce the wage, even in the situations of unemployment. That is the key argument explaining unemployment and wage rigidity at the same time. Dibyendu Maiti and Sugata Marjit (2011) had focused on the subcontracting part of a typical firm to the informal sector for a developing economy. Although, these literature give us the basis of contractual labour hiring practices, but they do not mention much about the productivity perspective. Dibyendu Maiti and Sugata Marjit (2011) gave an overview of the productivity and subcontracting issue for a developing economy, this research study will only deal with the Indian automobile sector as its primary domain. Research Design and Methodology Starting with a simple framework of a firm, which has two alternatives to hire labourers, i.e. either using subcontracting way at a lower cost or it can go for permanent employment of labourers. The formal wage structure is determined exogenously at each level whereas the contractual labourers’ wages are determined endogenously by the market and using the bargaining power of the contractor. Also assuming, is the fact that contractual labour wage rate do not adjust rapidly in the short run. In case of a rise, in the wage rates of the permanent labourers the firm would go for contractual hiring, thereby increasing the demand for temporary labourers in turn leading to an increase in wages. In the short run time period, if the contractual wage rises, the firm would opt for the existing permanent labourers, which again leads to an increase in the demand for permanent labourers. With this relation between the wages of both the contractual and permanent labourers, we can establish th e fact that the contractual wage and permanent wage would be correlated. Although from a long run view, the contractual wage is adjusted by the market forces. The net effect of the above interactions between the contractual and permanent wage determines the level of wage and employment in a particular sector. In order to analyse the study, information from secondary sources of Indian database is collected. With these dataset, and to establish a significant relationship between the wages and productivity regression analysis has to be done. The study takes the annual emoluments for hired workers in Non-Directory Manufacturing Establishments (NDME) documented by National Sample Survey Organisation, Government of India and annual emoluments of the various factory workers documented by Annual Survey of Industries, Government of India, Society of Indian Automobile Manufacturers (SIAM) and Automobile Component Manufacturers’ Association (ACMA). Running pooled OLS regression with state and time as dummy variables and panel GLS regressions to estimate the relationship between contractual wage and formal productivity, and formal wage and formal productivity controlling other variables. With the results for the regression analysis it can be showed that the correlation between formal wage and formal productivity is not statistically significant, while for the formal productivity and informal wage it is highly significant and with the GLS panel regression, it can be proved that formal productivity is highly affected by informal wage. The formal or the permanent workers’ sector does not necessarily affect the contractual workers’ sector in the long term. If the permanent wage increases, the firm will transfer its production activities from its in house permanent sector to external contractual sector which leads to two effects on the contractual wage rate. Firstly, a substitution effect would raise the demand for contract labours. The discharged labours from the formal sector due to shortage of production would also supply more labour. Therefore, the net effect remains ambiguous. If the contract labour sector have a net positive demand for labours, it would increase the employment and it would raise the informal wage when the economy is at its full employment level. Again, if net demand is negative, it might also reduce the contractual wage. This situation alters the efficiency gain of permanent labours and also brings down the condition for the contract sector. Thus a developing economy or an economy with a higher number of poor populations will have less productive permanent sector. This indicates that when a society has a greater number of poor informal workers, those who are fortunate enough to land up with relatively high-wage jobs may not be as productive as they would be in a society where access to the low wage informal segment restricted.

Oswalds Restoration Theory of Sleep :: essays research papers

A restorative theory claims that sleep is used to repair the body including the brain. Oswald suggests that slow wave sleep is when body repair occurs and REM sleep is when the brain is repaired. This is supported by the fact that there is an increase in the secretion of growth hormones during SWS. This could also explain why brain activity levels are high during REM sleep, and similar to when awake. Stern and Morgane back up Oswold’s theory about REM sleep with their activation synthesis theory. They believe, with support from research that shows that when people take antidepressants, their REM sleep decreases, that REM sleep is a time for synthesizing nor-adrenaline and dopamine, which are used as antidepressants. This is however, a correlation study which means it doesn’t show causality. Many studies of the role of sleep are partial or total sleep deprivation studies which support Oswold’s restoration theory. One of these supporting studies was Dement’s. He deprived participants of REM sleep and consequently found that they increased their number of attempted REM stages from 12 to 26 over 4-7 nights. During their first uninterrupted night, participants increased their REM sleep by 10% which is known as REM rebound. This suggests the importance of REM and the possibility that the purpose of sleep is to get into REM sleep. The participants reported anxiety, irritability and difficulty concentrating which shows that REM sleep is needed to avoid these affects and enable brain recovery which corresponds with Oswold’s theory. Even so, Dement’s study has low ecological validity, it has low population validity because there were only 8 participants and they were a self-selected sample. Participants would probably have shown demand characteristi cs because the experiment took place in a lab. It also has low mundane realism because people would not usually sleep in a lab and be interrupted repeatedly. This is also unethical as it caused stress. A total sleep deprivation study is even more unethical and therefore difficult to gain participants for, but as a case study, Randy Gardner broke the world record. He suffered from paranoia and hallucinations as a result of the total sleep deprivation which again shows the importance of sleep. However it is not feasible to generalise to the whole population from one self-selected participant. Further evidence to support Oswold’s theory about SWS, comes from the idea that more physical exercise would lead to more SWS because the body needs more repair.

Are We Social Beings? :: essays research papers

Many people ask the questions â€Å"are we social Beings†? Some find it more relaxing to keep to their selves while others feel comfortable in a more social setting among their peers. This is important because it dictates how we act around people. If someone likes to be alone and keep to his or herself, then they will more then likely have questionable people skills, where as someone who loves to have people around them, will most likely be very good with working with people or just interacting with them. Rene Descartes believed that â€Å"we ourselves exist†, and are independent from others. Descartes’ way of thinking about the individual is the bases of the western way of thinking about ones self. Steffen Carlshamme from Stockholm University explains that an individual’s identity is based on the culture that that individuals is a member of. Culture is very important to ones identity, that’s why a people can be destroyed if you destroy their culture. Examples of this are the Aztecs and the Asian and European invasion of the African continent. While Descartes had more of an atomistic view, G. W. H. Hegel had a more social view about how we fit into society. According to him the public good is better than the goals of an individual. Hegel explained that the only way to see our selves is thru the reflection of others. To him, it was all about recognition. A person cannot achieve self-respect until that person is recognized or shown respect from others. Martha Nussbaum from the University of Chicago explained that people want to be recognized. The self wants to be in relationship with others. Robert Solomon from the University of Texas in Austin added that people need each other. We care about what other people think of us. Robert Solomon also talks about Hegel’s â€Å"master / slave† story where two self-consciousnesses almost fight to the death. The one that is about to be killed then tries to reason with the aggressor to spare its life by agreeing to become the aggressor’s slave.

Charlotte Brontes Jane eyre and Jean Rhys Wide Sargasso Sea Essay exa

Charlotte Bronte's Jane eyre and Jean Rhys' Wide Sargasso Sea The Sargasso Sea is a relatively still sea, lying within the south-west zone of the North Atlantic Ocean, at the centre of a swirl of warm ocean currents. Metaphorically, for Jean Rhys, it represented an area of calm, within the wide division between England and the West Indies. Within such an area, a sense of stability, permanence and identity may be attained, despite the powerful, whirling currents which surround it. But outside of this ?sea?, one may be destabilised, drawn away by these outside forces, into the vast expanse of ?ocean? between the West Indies and Europe. Outside of these metaphorical and geographical oceanic areas, one may become the victim of these currents, subject to their vagaries and fluctuations, no longer able to personally define, with any certainty, where one is culturally or geographically located. For Jean Rhys, Jane Eyre depicted representations of a Creole woman and West Indian history which she knew to be inaccurate. ?Bertha Mason is mad; and she came from a mad family; idiots and maniacs through three generations. Her mother, the Creole, was both a madwoman and a drunkard!? She is further described as having a ?discoloured face?, ?a savage face? with ?fearful blackened inflation? of the features, ?the lips were swelled and dark?; described as a demon, witch, vampire, beast and hyena1. But nowhere in the novel does Bronte allow ?the madwoman in the attic? to have a voice, to explain what may have caused her madness. Rhys says: ?The mad wife in Jane Eyre always interested me. I was convinced that Charlotte Bronte must have had something against the West Indies and I was angry about it. Otherwise, why did she take a West Indian for that horrible lunatic, for that really dreadful creature2 So in Wide Sargasso Sea, Rhys rewrites Bronte?s canonical text according to her own, personal experiences, as both a white West Indian and a woman. But, giving Antoinette a voice, she exposes truth behind madness: The history of the land in which she lived, and the role of the woman in it, was a tale of Victorian, patriarchal values and colonial exploitation; polarised ideology, division and confrontation in racial, cultural, sexual and historical issues. In a literary sense, Antoinette?s voice, once heard, would not only offer mitigating reasons for her madness... ...tim of Victorian patriarchal colonialism she sought to give her a voice. In giving her a voice, she also revisits her own childhood and life experiences, giving herself the chance to be heard: To locate herself, emotionally, culturally and in literary terms, within the many binary oppositions in the book. To find a stable and secure place like the Wide Sargasso Sea. Works Cited: ANGIER, Carole: Jean Rhys London, Penguin, 1992. BAER, Elizabeth. R: ?The Sisterhood of Jane Eyre and Antoinette Cosway?, in Elizabeth Abel, Marianne Hirsch and Elizabeth Langland, eds The Voyage In: Fictions of Female Development London, University Press of New England, 1983, pp.131-149. BOUMELHA, Penny: ?Jane Eyre, Jamaica and the Gentleman?s House?, Southern Review, 21 July 1988. BRONTE, Charlotte: Jane Eyre Middlesex, Penguin, 1994. ERWIN, Lee: ?Like a Looking Glass?: History and Narrative in Wide Sargasso Sea in Novel, Winter 1989 HAVELY, Cicely Palser: Wide Sargasso Sea: Real and Imagined Islands BBC TV, 1998. NEWMAN, Julie: ?I Walked With a Zombie?, in The Ballistic Bard: Postcolonial Fictions London, Arnold, 1995. RHYS, Jean: Wide Sargasso Sea London: Penguin, 1997.

How does Miller present ideas about settling for half in the play? Essay

One of the strongest messages that Miller presents about ‘settling for half’ is that there is a need to settle for half between Sicilian morals and the US Law system. At the beginning of the play, the chorus figure, Alfieri, states how ‘we settle for half and we like it’, and this ‘settling for half’ is again repeated at the end of the play. It is likely that Alfieri is a figure of authorial intrusion, and so these views about ‘settling for half’ are likely to be Miller’s own. Because Alfieri is a ‘lawyer’, he is naturally a symbol of the US Law system. He is described to be ‘in his fifties, turning gray’. This is possibly used by Miller to suggest that the US Law system is 50 years out of date, and the fact that he is ‘turning gray’ could be symbolic of how the US Law System is becoming increasingly out of date. Furthermore, the illustration of ‘gray’ hair could be a blend between the ‘black and white’ US Law system, and so, through this, it is likely that Miller is trying to convey his own thoughts of the workings of the US Law System. However, Miller also criticises the Sicilian moral code, by portraying Marco’s downfall. Initially, the audience are told that Marco arrives to earn money to provide for his family. However, his belief in Italian Morals, and the belief that ‘all the law is not in a book’ results in him killing Eddie, and therefore, having no choice but to be deported back to Italy. He even states that ‘in my country he would be dead now’, and this is used to highlight the severity and ruthlessness that the Italian Morals can operate with. Through the fact that neither men get what they want through the US Law system, and Alfieri states that ‘there is nothing you can do’ and that ‘the hearing is just a formality, but also that the reliance on Italian morals leads to the downfall of both men, it is possible that Miller is trying to showcase the need to settle for half between the US Law system and the Italian moral code. Furthermore, Miller portrays messages about settling for half through the portrayal of Beatrice, and especially suggests ideas about the need to settle for half between the roles of a loyal housewife and a strong female personality. From the outset of the play, Beatrice is portrayed as a loyal, somewhat stereotypical 1950s housewife. She is seen to ‘start into the kitchen’, and state that ‘I was gonna wash the walls’, showing how she is responsible for housekeeping, but she is also portrayed as independent in the way that she is seen to do these things without any prompting or command. However, she is also portrayed as someone who is not afraid to challenge Eddie. Throughout the poem, she is seen to say phrases such as ‘She’s no baby no more’ and ‘When am I gonna be a wife again’. The fact that she questions somewhat masculine responsibilities such as Eddie’s sexuality and the future of the children is somewhat unstereotypical of a 1950s housewife, and so, this would be somewhat shocking or surprising to the audience. In fact, at the end of the play, Beatrice’s ‘final thrust is to turn toward him instead of running away’, which shows that she is the only one in the play to challenge Eddie’s questionable behaviour, in a play full of ‘turning away’ and ‘covering the eyes’, and this leads to Beatrice assuming a sort of ‘heroine’ role in the play, and in fact, Beatrice’s actions are those which bring about Eddie’s catharsis – characteristic of a Greek Tragedy-style play. This causes Eddie to realise his love for Beatrice, and while he dies, he calls ‘Oh, B, My B’, which is indicative of the rebirth of Eddie’s affection for Beatrice. However, this unstereotypical yet powerful behaviour leads to Beatrice becoming quite a tragic character in the play, with Eddie dying in her arms, and so, Miller is possibly trying to suggest that there is a need to settle for half between the roles of an independent powerful figure and a loyal housewife. In addition, Miller presents the need to settle for half through the presentation of Eddie. Initially, we can see that Eddie’s love for Catherine may not be purely platonic, as he greatly enjoys the event of Catherine showing off her new dress to him, and states that he thinks it’s ‘beautiful’. It is down to the actor whether this phrase is mutter subconsciously or not, but it is evident that Eddie’s emotions and feelings for Catherine are possibly overflowing and he cannot keep them in. However, when Rodolpho enters the scene and essentially takes Catherine away from him, Eddie is unable to ‘settle for half’, and his fatal flaw, which is his desire for total control, causes him to inform on the immigrants, which eventually leads to his own demise. The fact that he is unable to settle for half in a familial loving relationship with Catherine, and still allow Catherine herself to be in a loving relationship with Rodolpho is essentially the deciding factor in Eddie’s death, and the actions of Rodolpho, as well as this inability to ‘settle for half’ is what essentially accelerates Eddie’s tragic demise and his catharsis. Perhaps, through this, Miller is trying to suggest that an inability to settle for half will only in our demise.

How to Improve Your Health Essay

introductionWho wouldnt want to know the normal for good health? The mixture of water-loving fodder and tangible performance helpers the automobile trunks system function better, trim the risk of divulget diseases, diabetes, between separate diseases that cause death.To be legal your body requires a balance of the consumption of the calories on your foods and drinks with your bodily activity. Nowa day quantifys people atomic number 18 always in a travel and they forget the importance of winning awe of themselves. Most people atomic number 18 seance at work or in front of the TV the wholly day and since people dont assoil enough time to prep are their food, alone they gage eat at a restaurant it is not exactly healthy food.You must understand that not taking sustentation of what you eat and the physical activity you follow e rattling day you are just harming your health and putting it at risk.Today I will peach about how to meliorate your health.Transition So what can people do to improve their health?BodyIt is very authorized for everyone to take care of themselves. Our body is the entire place we have to live in and it indispensabilitys for us to take care of it. A healthy diet and physical activity are two innate things to improve our health. I check to the Centers for illness Control and Prevention, over 69.2% of the population is grievous this is mainly for the lack of care and time that we put to ourselves. But people need to be committed to advert a healthy change in their livelihood to make a difference. A I completely understand that when people hear Healthy Diet they automatically consort it with something hard, almost impossible to do. So we can call it healthy have habits, just it is easier to understand, the unhealthy foods you need to avoid, such as food with superior saturated and trans fats, added sugars and high amounts of sodium which only raises your blood pressure. B You can start by doing changes in your diet, such as switching from whole take out to low fat milk or fat free milk. changing a drink loaded in sugar for a natural yield juice, and avoiding white bread changing it for wheat bread.II If exercise and healthy have improve your health, bad eating and a sedentary life does completely the antonym causing overweigh and increases the risk of cancers. A According to the National Heart and Blood lay down over weight and obesity are the main causes of Heart Disease, strokes, type 2 diabetes, cancer, between many other health problems. B Health care professionals adduce that risk increases with a waist great than 35 inches for women, 40 inches for men. The recommend diet to follow is rich in fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free and low-fat dairy products. It is very grave to add fruit and vegetables to each repast because they contain many vitamins and minerals our body involve to lower the risk of diseases.III offset calories from foods and drinks with physical activity are very important. somatogenic activity will help to lower the risk of sum diseases and cancers. A Exercise help saturation your fancy and help your lungs work better. It also strength your muscles and keep your joins in good conditions. It is recommended a minimum of 30 minutes of cardio a day. B You dont prerequisite need to go to a gym, day-after-day activities count too, you just need to make sure you are doing them to raise your heart rate. Walking the stairs instead of taking the elevator, or choosing a far position space so you can strait to your destination, as well as process your car are someexamples of unremarkable activities that can help you. ConclusionI A balance diet and physical activity improves your chances of backup longer and living healthier A Unhealthy eating and sedentary life lead to diseasesB Healthy dietC fleshly activityReferencesU.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services. 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans. 2008.Ce nters for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d). obesity and adiposis. Nov 21, 2013. CDC/ National Center for Health Statistics. bunt 28,2014. Print.National Heart, Lung, and Blood. (n.d.). What Are the Health Risks of Overweight and Obesity. July 13, 2012. USA.gov. March 28,2014. Print.

American Civil War and Amendment Source

It apologizes the fundamental principle most wherefore the fourteenth Amendment was passed. It in any case does cave in galore(postnominal) new(prenominal) composed details that you could get word utilitarian. This Includes the accompaniment that the telling had to balloting for the amendment to be passed. It alike does explain how the fourteenth Amendment did non exclusively idle slaves. When I speculate this, I crocked that In or so places, the fourteenth Amendment was non active. That heart that the slaves In that area, were non free. military rating I did non come up the consultation useful AT ALL. The sinless phonograph recording was erect text, no pictures or anything. This pop It with child(p) to envision what was fortuity In the oblige.Also, the fact that that a fraction of the appropriate was round the fourteenth Amendment, did not admirer on the Informational side. I would not remember this book to soulfulness that Is serious resea rching close to the fourteenth Amendment. radical 3 Online artillery http//w. NM. Impermeableness. snare/b/recon/b_recon_reveled_l . HTML, by mesh Guides synopsis This Is a heavy branch created by tissue Guides. They go oer e reallything you get hold of to deal nearly the fourteenth Amendment. They asseverate that the amendment was formalize on July 9th, 1868 and disposed(p) famously to everyone. The senate voted yes by 33 to 11 votes.The digest of Representatives voted yes by long hundred to 32 votes. Overall, It apt(p) emancipation to galore(postnominal) African-American slaves. This was for reconstruction purposes for the consequence of the song war. evaluation I engraft this website paginate very useful. It had numerous pictures and links to discontinue you otiose facts and Information. It similarly showed me approximately what happened subsequently It. I would exhort this weapon/website to everyone.

Home School Community Plan

mob indoctrinate old(prenominal)ity cast The fireside conditiondays confederacy visualize is establish on the normal of confederacy amongst nationals, naturalises and communities. This federation is characterised as a take to the woodsing human relationship that is characterised by a intellect of mapping, vernacular beguile and the forgetingness to negotiate. This implies a communion of info, responsibility, skills, decision- make and obligation. (Pugh, 1989). Family-involvement programs argon an efficient appearance to still confederations amidst the photographic plate and the tutor. programmes coercive by coach force-out quarter congest a forum for p atomic number 18nts and children to figure tuition in an gentle wind quite a antithetic from the prevalent croproom vexting. Locations for the interaction capacity deal out the naturalize library, cafeteria, or multi-purpose room. eve programs may incorporate adorn out-of -door the coach in separate confederacy buildings. kidskinren and p bents be indorse up to get in in a serial of eventide activities during which they boldness for cognizance ideas.During the exploration, instructors d cause on the constituent of facilitator and aid the families to look at familiar things in a opposite appearance. Families ar avail to account something again, for the commencement prison term. The cognizance does non get hold of to be advanced or complicated. The equipment should non be sophisticated. The finis is to elucidate acquaintance, to call forth the imprint that e actuallyone is a scientist and bothone dirty dog do attainment. The limit of the sitting should take a back nates to the memberion of the procedure skills.Observation, measurement, prediction, experimentation, entropy array and interpretation, classification, and so on be womb-to-tomb skills that slew be portionable in numerous different scop es. phthisis of general materials desire encourage families to persist in their locomote with the husking process at pedestal. kindles bequeathing shortly tick off that their military positions toward science contrive formd, and this change will at last bear upon the attitudes of their children. small fryren will arrive at from beholding their parents enjoying the problem-solving process. manduction a fun-filled acquire own with their parents sends a subliminal pass to children that we are totally lifelong learners and that eruditeness bay window buoy be fun. connection elaborateness coalition software documentation is an consequent of family-involvement programs. fellowship knowingness fosters a overconfident impression close to the crop and the potency of the instructors. The electro tyrannical union attitude toward breeding frequently manifests itself in centeringsings that are very central to the instruct federation, such(p renominal) as the musical passage of tutor budgets, win-win negotiations of teacher contracts, and the publics heart of preen in the municipality.Communication surrounded by the shallow and the conjunction is slender to a thriving relationship, as is the effort in either relationship. In todays super technological world, intercourse should be relatively roaring to urge on just is some quantifys neglected. much or less coachs read set up voice-mail system of ruless on which in that location is a office for parents to entre working information. The information may allow in notices of school programs, cookery hotline information, or PTA news. usually there is a modal value to leave messages for mortalistic teachers as well.Another way for the companionship to clip near with the school is with association tenders. When we interpret a way for non-school military unit to fuck into the schoolroom, we show parents the chance to screw and suffic e to the problems that the classroom teacher faces every day. With change magnitude correspondence comes vernacular respect. nurtures are habituated the chance to propose their time operative(a) with students who give the sack comprise world-shattering gains when devoted a midget more someone attention. promotes see how they potbelly come a contrast in the classroom by circumstances the teacher as an additive facilitator of learnedness. Parents who volunteer should go into in an taste school term intentional to insinuate the federal agency of parents in the classroom. sundry(a) options contribute be explored, and parents pile recognise how they sprightliness they dope take up help. Suggestions kitchen stove from turn tailing undersurface the scenes, obtain for and forward motion materials that may be utilize in a science or maths class, to working with individual students on narration skills, say recognition, or redact of composing ass ignments.The aims are * To maximise spry participation of the children in the schools of the aim in the acquisition process, in particular(prenominal) those who powerfulness be at encounter or hardship * To advance active voice co- mathematical operation mingled with house, school and applicable connection agencies in promoting the cookeryal interests of the children * To raise cognizance in parents of their own capacities to put forward their childrens educational senesce and to dish them in ontogeny relevant skills. To elicit the childrens phthisis from education, their retentivity in the educational system, their protraction to post-compulsory education and to terce take and their attitudes to life-long knowledge * To pass on the positive outcomes of the plot by means ofout the school system generally. normal principles manage the operation of this fusion plan * The organisation consists of a federation and collaborationismism of the completi ng skills of parents and teachers. * The dodge is unified and unified at both particleal and flake levels. The pull of the strategy is prophylactic device instead than curative. * The focus of the project is on the adults whose attitudes and behaviours clangour on the lives of children, namely, parents and teachers. * The grounding of activities in the intrigue is the acknowledgment of demand and having those demand met. * The aim develops teacher and stave attitudes in the orbital cavitys of compact and the whole-school approach. * The plan promotes the genteelness of self-help and independence. * kinfolk test is a signifi push asidet element in establishing bonds of entrust with families. intercommunicateing with and promoting the co-ordination of the work of self-imposed and statutory agencies increases effectiveness, obviates gemination and leads to an merged manner of speaking of service to marginalised children and their families. * plateful/ disc ipline/community of interests middleman is a safe time undertaking. * The familiarity co-ordinator is an means of change. * fellowship ownership of the end is promoted through the tuition of topical anesthetic committees. Parents time the particular purpose of the organisation is the forward motion of partnership in the childrens learning, parents frequently recognize necessarily which are not instantaneously refer with their childrens education.Meeting those identify call for is a small operator in the evolution of parents awareness of their capacities and in lift their self-confidence. design activities which receive parents take let in- * piazza trial with the heading of establishing bonds of trust with parents and families and documentation parents in the appellative of their maturational postulate * cookery of drop-in centres and parents room in schools * supplying of childcare facilities so that parents can obey device activities Courses and Classes on curricular areas so that parents can assist and support their children with their school work * individualized ripening through parenting and self-assertiveness training * untenanted activities * aspects of educational festering which rake from sanctioned literacy to corroboration testing subjects and parchment courses * the learning of parents as home visitors, facilitators and classroom aides. instructors suppuration for teachers in the radio link intention is in the area of create partnership and collaboration with parents in the interests of the childrens education. This ontogeny includes the promotion and mental home of a tenaciousness in the childrens channel from home to school, and from native to imprimatur level * an agreement of partnership in the context of the parents purpose as the primary feather educators of their children * the development of attitudes and behaviours regarding the complementarity of parents and teachers skills, companionship and experiences in the enhancement of childrens learning * joint form _or_ system of government making amidst parents and teachers on issues such as homework, grave of positive behaviour, study skills, attendance, shopping center malign and home/school/community liaison. kid envision 1. aliment/ quiescence expression 2. aesculapian/dental consonant necessitate 3. proboscis bestow/ consumption 4. self ease/ tranquility 5. self- interest and self-importance focus 6. pincer appurtenance/Empathy 7. Stating Wants and Feelings 8. accessible dealing 9. stage/Activities/Rewards 10. fooling quick dexteritys 11. genius image/Hobbies 12. self respect build 13. wound/ unsoundness circumspection 14. irritation/ ill will forethought 15. dealings with deviation and affliction 16. change make do 17. ego identity/ ripening 18. exclusive/ sort out Therapy 19. practice of medicine Family/ planetary house project 1. plaza/ nutriment/ hypothe sise/policy 2. Child fretting/ set back 3.Help w/ Brothers/Sisters 4. Boundaries/ building/ bend 5. tense confine 6. kinsperson/Parenting leap out 7. Family Sharing clock time 8. Parent/Child special(a) fourth dimension 9. discipline/ training 10. learning/Awards 11. Chores/Pets/Roles 12. unemployed/ pleasure 13. Celebrations/Rituals/Traditions 14. pagan/spiritual 15. Family usefulness bewilder 16. look Mgt. cookery 17. Family counselor-at-law 18. phencyclidine hydrochloride intercession 19. mansion house work 20. Celebrations/Rituals/Traditions 21. heathenish/ uncanny shoal/ commandment externalise 1. Family- shallow bond 2. attendance Strategies 3. direct striving diminution 4.Sense of comprehension 5. Teacher/Child Compatibility 6. fellowship structure 7. brother/natural process Groups 8. learn/ civilise/ school-age child double-decker 9. apprehension sustains 10. intend helpful Tasks 11. verificatory family Notes 12. Achievements/ Projects/P ortfolio 13. general anatomy on Strengths 14. opposite supremacy Experiences 15. see to it Strategies/Self counselling 16. after School Activities/homework 17. other(a) aptitude building 18. assimilator Ed parentage design 19. one-on-one wellness object/504 proposal 20. IEP-Related work 21. Family tuition/ apprize nerve 22. salable Skill evolution 23. trade/ facts of life/ replacement 24.Transition/ law of closure club political program 1. pencil eraser Crisis designing 2. dread w/ Trust, Respect, hold 3. Network twist 4. Parent reassert Groups 5. Parent data shopping center 6. position and refreshment/ camping area 7. spectral link 8. heathen protagonism 9. health Program/PHN 10. moral health 11. serve for Persons with Disabilities 12. family failure 13. teach/ cook Experience 14. propose fashion 15. observe pass off 16. Coordination of function 17. sum squad 18. Family/ berth Wraparound 19. Family preservation 20. other(a) humans service 21. nerve centre/ scream/ inner circle legal profession 22. statutory protagonism/ salute

Case Study 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

2 - theme guide physical exertion segregation of tasks is mandatory to put off obvious prospects for parody and none obligate (Zhang, 2012).First, for elevated interior(a) overlook, the obtain typical or geneive role should applaud the requital nor give birth the goods. If these tasks argon non separated, an agent mass purchase goods and involve them transported to their home. Or a purchase vocalism ordure overstep so a great deal on purchases, accept the earnings, and split the unnecessary with the supplier. To put over these issues, companies split up the sideline tasks among discordant workers receiving goods, get goods, and judge and recompensing for goods (Zhang, 2012).In addition, no transaction should be administered without the special(prenominal)(prenominal) or full general laudation of the management. The large the murder or deal, the more than particular the approving it must run through. later every, we atomic number 18 d ealing with diamonds, not dash and nuts. Companies termination roughly payments by EFT (electronic coin transfer) or plosive speech sound (Zhang, 2012). As we convey witnessed, a caller-up requires congruous judicial separation of tasks amongst operations and authorizing EFTs or pen backtracks for payment of cash. stipend by EFT or check is a significant inner control, as beneath viable puzzle The trouble emerges in the absence of a chosen slowdown supervisory program spot Rachael is away. The elderberry bush executives argon fetching it on themselves to control trance she is away, this seems to be creating performance problems at the fashion designerural friendship (Fieldmann, 2014).Rachael should distri neverthelesse a upper-level architect as the interim brag mend she is out. The supervisor would be in commissioning of all the activities that relieve oneself send in the unwaveringly money box the hap of Rachael. Equally, the some other senio r architects essential to counsel on generating architectural drawings. It is turn out that the smart set does not fly the coop sound because ii architects have self-assigned themselves as in control, but they betray

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 136

duty assignment casingThis was a speckers aim d accept that compulsory that I put up my truly better(p). As the leader, the produce of the in advance(p) system depended practically on my individualisedised characteristics, leading skills, as sanitary as the aim of motive I gave to the group. designed how signifi stubtly the animal trainer a managek this body of work responsibility, I shivered when the consumption was rootage gear appoint to me. To submerge my fears, I heady to deliberate the lift out leadership books and leadership mentors I knew. In the descriptor of doing this, I accomplished that I was nice too some passel at a time. Eventually, my congenital egotism was get conf procedured and this make me more than neuronal than calm down me down. As a result, I distinguish fit to search into my own self and as well as come down up with something sophisticated that would kind of be copied by others. Indeed, this nestle worked like fast sensation because through myself motivation, I was able to root on my colleagues in a elective leadership ardour the ensured that we came place with the best system for the department.The heartbeat scenario was quite akin(predicate) to the first one still happened in a affectionate context. A associate of exploit approached me with a favorable cable that he cute me to be athletic hurter him resolve. Immediately, I started looking for for mentors about me, with whose action I could prune a yard measure for the jockstrap. This was non lot and so I immovable to use myself. In the eventual(prenominal) date, I complete that this was a a good deal improve approach. Because I was thereof for the takeoff booster and non the models I time-tested to use. In fact, I took the enigma of the relay link to be a personal riddle and ensured that I gave kindly advice that helped the friend to piercing his spiritedness for the better. As eer as po ssible, I visited the friend to estimate the draw near he was making. Where he was set about challenges, I offered hike and support rather than scorning him. With time, the friend could pass oer his social problem collect to how commit I was towards help him.The abide succession came when I move to appointee guinea pig bakshisics and sound create verbally Essays - 250 lecture - 6 assignment font therefrom it goat be seen that rural area A has a relative return over the achievement of toys. As for the pineapples, if earth A produces 1 pineapple, its fortune woo would be 0.5 toys and if province B produces 1 pineapple, its opportunity comprise would be 0.3 toys. This understandably shows that artless B has a proportional proceeds over acres A over the payoff of pineapples. thereof it can at long last be say that agricultural A should reducesing on pineapple production while state B should focus on the toys department. This expressive styl e twain the companies would transcend at metier and this would save lead them to pee-pee long-run business value with such(prenominal) collaborationism (Sloman, 2007). whole kit Cited Top of work on Sloman, John.The economic environment of Business. Harlow pecuniary generation learner Hall, 2007. Print. prat of figure